Speech Synthesis:
Nasal Consonants
Introduction
Nasal sounds are produced by momentarily closing off the mouth, thus redirecting sound transmission
up through the nose.
This alternate transmission path introduces new spectral peaks and, most characteristically, a pronounced anti-formant; that is, a spectral trough.
For more background on nasals, see James Kirby's PowerPoint, Nasals, approximants, rhotics, and laterals.
See also Robert Mannell's page Nasal Stops,
which includes spectrograms showing how nasal consonants transition into vowels.
Figure 4: Instrument #122: Noise1.
Orchestra
Anti-formants can be synthesized by notch filtering with the FilterBandReject2 unit.
Issues surrounding the use of digital filters to produce nasal sounds are explored in
Taming the Notch Filter and
Emulating Nasal Resonances and Anti-Resonances.
Insights gained during these explorations have been incorporated into Instrument #122: Nose1, which is
detailed in Figure 4.
Figure 5: Template for a filter module which can be applied intermittently to a vocal tone.
Instrument #122 works in cascade with the previously described
Instrument #101: Buzz1 and
Instrument #121: Mouth1.
Figure 5 abstracts out the components of Instrument #122 to illustrate the mechanism
used to interpose nasal resonances into ongoing output from Instrument #121.
An EnvSust unit (#6) generates a sustained envelope which ramps the nasal sound
in when the note begins and ramps the nasal sound back out when the note concludes. By subtracting
Unit #6's output from unity, an inverse envelope is obtained which ramps Instrument #122's
unprocessed input out as the processed output ramps in, then ramps the unprocessed input back in at the conclusion.
Notice that Unit #1 of Instrument #122 introduces the spectral peak designated F0
in Table 4 below. This fixed peak aside, Instrument #121 and Instrument #122 taken together
require eight values supplied to identify a particular nasal sound:
- Ins. 121, Contour #3 — Formant 1 (F1 in Table 4)
- Ins. 121, Contour #4 — Formant 2 (F2 in Table 4)
- Ins. 121, Contour #5 — Formant 3 (F3 in Table 4)
- Ins. 122, Parameter #7 — Attack Duration (coordinates with the nasal onglide for Formants 1-3)
- Ins. 122, Parameter #8 — Release Duration (coordinates with the nasal offglide for Formants 1-3)
- Ins. 122, Parameter #9 — Notch Frequency (NF in Table 4)
- Ins. 122, Parameter #10 — Notch Bandwidth (NB in Table 4)
- Ins. 122, Parameter #11 — Gain (also Gain in Table 4)
Formants and Transitions
Wikipedia identifies sixteen nasal consonants used
in languages worldwide, but English employs only the three consonants listed in Table 4.
Other nasals are not included simply because I was unable to obtain synthesis data for them.
| IPA |
Description |
Place of Articulation |
Examples |
F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | NF | NB | Gain |
m |
labial |
lips |
mat |
270 | 450 | 1270 | 2130 | 450 | 25 | 458 |
n |
alveolar |
between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar
ridge (the gum line behind the front teeth) |
no knit or sudden |
270 | 450 | 1340 | 2470 | 1200 | 75 | 33 |
ŋ |
velar |
between the back of the tongue and the velum
(soft palate) |
sing |
270 | 450 | 2208 | 3079 | 3000 | 100 | 6 |
Table 4: Nasal consonants.
Source: Wikipedia with additional pronunciation examples from webdesign.about.com
Formant Frequencies from Klatt, 1980.
Antiformant frequencies from Felicity Cox.
Remaining values by trial and error.
orch /Users/charlesames/Scratch/SpeechOrch.xml
set rate 44100
set bits 16
set norm 1
name Daisy4
// Dai-
ramp 1 2 0.00 2.98 293.7 293.7 // D4
ramp 1 2 2.98 0.02 293.7 246.9 // D4-B3
ramp 1 1 0.00 0.20 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 0.00 0.20 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 0.00 0.20 2065 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 0.00 0.20 2570 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 0.20 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 0.20 0.30 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 0.20 0.30 2065 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 0.20 0.30 2570 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 0.50 2.50 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 0.50 2.50 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 0.50 2.50 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 0.50 2.50 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 1 1 101 0 0.00 3.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -sy,
ramp 1 2 3.00 3.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 3.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 3.00 2.00 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 3.00 2.00 2208 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 3.00 2.00 3079 3079 // Formant 3
note 2 1 101 1 3.00 2.00 1 0 // Buzz1
note 3 1 119 0 0.00 5.00 0.1 // RMS1
note 4 1 121 0 0.00 5.00 // Mouth1
note 5 1 199 0 0.00 5.00 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 5.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 5.00 1.00 277 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 5.00 1.00 2208 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 5.00 1.00 3079 2570 // Formant 3
// Dai-
ramp 1 2 6.00 2.98 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 2 8.98 0.02 196 146.8 // G3-D3
ramp 1 1 6.00 0.20 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 6.00 0.20 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 6.00 0.20 2065 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 6.00 0.20 2570 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 6.20 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 6.20 0.30 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 6.20 0.30 2065 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 6.20 0.30 2570 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 6.50 2.50 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 6.50 2.50 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 6.50 2.50 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 6.50 2.50 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 6 1 101 0 6.00 3.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -sy.
ramp 1 2 9.00 3.00 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 1 9.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 9.00 2.00 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 9.00 2.00 2208 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 9.00 2.00 3079 3079 // Formant 3
note 7 1 101 6 9.00 2.00 1 0 // Buzz1
note 8 1 119 0 6.00 5.00 0.1 // RMS1
note 9 1 121 0 6.00 5.00 // Mouth1
note 10 1 199 0 6.00 5.00 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 11.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 11.00 1.00 277 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 11.00 1.00 2208 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 11.00 1.00 3079 2660 // Formant 3
// Give
ramp 1 2 12.00 1.00 164.8 164.8 // E3
ramp 1 1 12.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 12.00 1.00 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 12.00 1.00 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 12.00 1.00 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 11 1 101 0 12.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 12 1 119 0 12.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 13 1 121 0 12.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 14 1 199 0 12.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// me
ramp 1 2 13.00 1.00 185 185 // F#3
ramp 1 1 13.00 0.20 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 13.00 0.20 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 13.00 0.20 1270 1270 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 13.00 0.20 2130 2130 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 13.20 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 13.20 0.10 450 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 13.20 0.10 1270 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 13.20 0.10 2130 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 13.30 0.70 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 13.30 0.70 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 13.30 0.70 2208 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 13.30 0.70 3079 3079 // Formant 3
note 15 1 101 0 13.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 16 1 119 0 13.00 0.90 // RMS1
note 17 1 121 0 13.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 18 1 122 0 13.00 0.30 0 0.1 1200 75 33 // Nose1
note 19 1 199 0 13.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// your
ramp 1 2 14.00 1.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 14.00 0.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 14.00 0.05 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 14.00 0.05 2000 2000 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 14.00 0.05 3079 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 14.05 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 14.05 0.15 277 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 14.05 0.15 2000 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 14.05 0.15 3079 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 14.20 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 14.20 0.15 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 14.20 0.15 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 14.20 0.15 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 14.35 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 14.35 0.15 414 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 14.35 0.15 1516 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 14.35 0.15 2500 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 14.50 0.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 14.50 0.50 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 14.50 0.50 915 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 14.50 0.50 1800 1800 // Formant 3
note 20 1 101 0 14.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 21 1 119 0 14.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 22 1 121 0 14.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 23 1 199 0 14.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// an-
ramp 1 2 15.00 1.98 164.8 164.8 // E3
ramp 1 2 16.98 0.02 164.8 196 // E3-G3
ramp 1 1 15.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 15.00 0.30 648 648 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 15.00 0.30 1712 1712 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 15.00 0.30 2490 2490 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 15.30 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 15.30 0.10 648 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 15.30 0.10 1712 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 15.30 0.10 2490 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 15.40 1.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 15.40 1.50 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 15.40 1.50 1340 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 15.40 1.50 2470 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 16.90 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 16.90 0.10 450 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 16.90 0.10 1340 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 16.90 0.10 2470 1800 // Formant 3
note 24 1 101 0 15.00 2.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -swer
ramp 1 2 17.00 1.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 17.00 1.00 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 17.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 17.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 17.00 1.00 1800 1800 // Formant 3
note 25 1 101 0 17.0 1.0 1 0.00 // Buzz1
note 26 1 119 0 15.0 3.0 // RMS1
note 27 1 122 0 15.3 1.7 0.1 0 1200 75 33 // Nose1
note 28 1 121 0 15.0 3.0 // Mouth1
note 29 1 199 0 15.0 3.0 // Rebalance1
// do.
ramp 1 2 18.00 6.00 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 1 18.00 3.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 18.00 3.00 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 18.00 3.00 553 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 18.00 3.00 2420 2420 // Formant 3
note 30 1 101 0 18.00 3.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 31 1 119 0 18.00 3.00 0.1 // RMS1
note 32 1 121 0 18.00 3.00 // Mouth1
note 33 1 199 0 18.00 3.00 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 21.00 3.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 21.00 3.00 277 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 21.00 3.00 553 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 21.00 3.00 2420 2500 // Formant 3
// I'm
ramp 1 2 24.00 3.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 24.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 24.00 0.30 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 24.00 0.30 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 24.00 0.30 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 24.30 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 24.30 0.30 800 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 24.30 0.30 1228 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 24.30 0.30 2500 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 24.60 0.20 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 24.60 0.20 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 24.60 0.20 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 24.60 0.20 2660 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 24.80 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 24.80 0.15 344 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 24.80 0.15 2170 1270 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 24.80 0.15 2660 2130 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 24.95 2.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 24.95 2.05 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 24.95 2.05 1270 1270 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 24.95 2.05 2130 2130 // Formant 3
note 34 1 101 0 24.00 2.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 35 1 119 0 24.00 2.90 // RMS1
note 36 1 121 0 24.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 37 1 122 0 24.80 2.10 0.1 0 450 25 458 // Nose1
note 38 1 199 0 24.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// half
ramp 1 2 27.00 3.00 293.7 293.7 // D4
ramp 1 1 27.00 3.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 27.00 3.00 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 27.00 3.00 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 27.00 3.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 39 1 101 0 27.00 2.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 40 1 119 0 27.00 2.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 41 1 121 0 27.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 42 1 199 0 27.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// cra-
ramp 1 2 30.00 1.90 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 2 31.90 0.10 246.9 220 // B3-A3
ramp 1 2 32.00 0.90 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 2 32.90 0.10 220 196 // A3-G3
ramp 1 1 30.00 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 30.00 0.10 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 30.00 0.10 1819 1819 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 30.00 0.10 1800 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 30.10 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 30.10 0.15 565 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 30.10 0.15 1819 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 30.10 0.15 1800 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 30.25 1.60 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 30.25 1.60 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 30.25 1.60 2065 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 30.25 1.60 2570 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 31.85 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 31.85 0.15 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 31.85 0.15 2065 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 31.85 0.15 2570 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 32.00 0.85 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 32.00 0.85 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 32.00 0.85 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 32.00 0.85 2660 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 32.85 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 32.85 0.15 344 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 32.85 0.15 2170 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 32.85 0.15 2660 3079 // Formant 3
note 43 1 101 0 30.00 3.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -zy,
ramp 1 2 33.00 2.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 33.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 33.00 2.00 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 33.00 2.00 2208 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 33.00 2.00 3079 3079 // Formant 3
note 44 1 101 43 33.00 1.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 45 1 119 0 30.00 4.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 46 1 121 0 30.00 4.90 // Mouth1
note 47 1 199 0 30.00 4.90 // Rebalance1
// and
ramp 1 2 35.00 1.00 185 185 // F#3
ramp 1 1 35.00 0.20 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 35.00 0.20 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 35.00 0.20 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 35.00 0.20 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 35.20 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 35.20 0.15 414 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 35.20 0.15 1516 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 35.20 0.15 2500 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 35.35 0.65 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 35.35 0.65 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 35.35 0.65 1340 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 35.35 0.65 2470 2470 // Formant 3
note 48 1 101 0 35.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 49 1 119 0 35.00 0.90
note 50 1 121 0 35.00 0.90
note 51 1 122 0 35.35 0.55 0.1 0 1200 75 33
note 52 1 199 0 35.00 0.90
// all
ramp 1 2 36.00 1.00 164.8 164.8 // E3
ramp 1 1 36.00 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 36.00 0.05 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 36.00 0.05 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 36.00 0.05 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 36.05 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 36.05 0.15 800 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 36.05 0.15 1228 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 36.05 0.15 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 36.20 0.80 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 36.20 0.80 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 36.20 0.80 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 36.20 0.80 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 53 1 101 0 36.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 54 1 119 0 36.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 55 1 121 0 36.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 56 1 199 0 36.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// for
ramp 1 2 37.00 1.00 185 185 // F#3
ramp 1 1 37.00 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 37.00 0.05 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 37.00 0.05 721 721 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 37.00 0.05 2406 2406 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 37.05 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 37.05 0.15 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 37.05 0.15 721 721 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 37.05 0.15 2406 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 37.20 0.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 37.20 0.80 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 37.20 0.80 721 721 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 37.20 0.80 1800 1800 // Formant 3
note 57 1 101 0 37.00 0.90 1 0.1 // Buzz1
note 58 1 119 0 37.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 59 1 121 0 37.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 60 1 199 0 37.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// the
ramp 1 2 38.00 1.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 38.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 38.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 38.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 38.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 61 1 101 0 38.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 62 1 119 0 38.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 63 1 121 0 38.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 64 1 199 0 38.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// love
ramp 1 2 39.00 2.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 39.00 0.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 39.00 0.05 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 39.00 0.05 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 39.00 0.05 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 39.05 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 39.05 0.15 450 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 39.05 0.15 750 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 39.05 0.15 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 39.20 1.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 39.20 1.80 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 39.20 1.80 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 39.20 1.80 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 65 1 101 0 39.00 1.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 66 1 119 0 39.00 1.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 67 1 121 0 39.00 1.90 // Mouth1
note 68 1 199 0 39.00 1.90 // Rebalance1
// of
ramp 1 2 41.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 41.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 41.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 41.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 41.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 69 1 101 0 41.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 70 1 119 0 41.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 71 1 121 0 41.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 72 1 199 0 41.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// you.
ramp 1 2 42.00 5.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 42.00 0.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 42.00 0.05 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 42.00 0.05 2000 2000 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 42.00 0.05 3079 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 42.05 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 42.05 0.15 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 42.05 0.15 2000 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 42.05 0.15 3079 2420 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 42.20 2.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 42.20 2.80 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 42.20 2.80 553 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 42.20 2.80 2420 2420 // Formant 3
note 73 1 101 0 42.00 2.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 74 1 119 0 42.00 2.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 75 1 121 0 42.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 76 1 199 0 42.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 45.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 45.00 2.00 277 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 45.00 2.00 553 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 45.00 2.00 2420 2660 // Formant 3
// It
ramp 1 2 47.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 47.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 47.00 1.00 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 47.00 1.00 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 47.00 1.00 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 77 1 101 0 47.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 78 1 119 0 47.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 79 1 121 0 47.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 80 1 199 0 47.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// won't
ramp 1 2 48.00 1.00 261.6 261.6 // C4
ramp 1 1 48.00 0.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.00 0.05 290 290 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.00 0.05 610 610 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.00 0.05 2150 2150 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.05 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.05 0.10 290 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.05 0.10 610 721 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.05 0.10 2150 2406 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.15 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.15 0.05 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.15 0.05 721 721 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.15 0.05 2406 2406 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.20 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.20 0.15 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.20 0.15 721 635 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.20 0.15 2406 2413 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.35 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.35 0.05 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.35 0.05 635 635 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.35 0.05 2413 2413 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.40 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.40 0.10 344 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.40 0.10 635 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.40 0.10 2413 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 48.50 0.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 48.50 0.50 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 48.50 0.50 1340 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 48.50 0.50 2470 2470 // Formant 3
note 81 1 101 0 48.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 82 1 119 0 48.00 0.90 // RMS1
note 83 1 121 0 48.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 84 1 122 0 48.40 0.50 0.1 0 1200 75 33 // Nose1
note 85 1 199 0 48.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// be
ramp 1 2 49.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 49.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 49.00 1.00 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 49.00 1.00 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 49.00 1.00 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 86 1 101 0 49.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 87 1 119 0 49.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 88 1 121 0 49.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 89 1 199 0 49.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// a
ramp 1 2 50.00 1.00 220 220 // A4
ramp 1 1 50.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 50.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 50.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 50.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 90 1 101 0 50.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 91 1 119 0 50.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 92 1 121 0 50.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 93 1 199 0 50.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// sty-
ramp 1 2 51.00 1.98 293.7 293.7 // D4
ramp 1 2 52.98 0.02 293.7 246.9 // D4-B3
ramp 1 1 51.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 51.00 0.30 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 51.00 0.30 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 51.00 0.30 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 51.30 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 51.30 0.30 800 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 51.30 0.30 1228 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 51.30 0.30 2500 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 51.60 1.25 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 51.60 1.25 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 51.60 1.25 2208 2208 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 51.60 1.25 3079 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 52.85 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 52.85 0.15 277 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 52.85 0.15 2208 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 52.85 0.15 3079 2500 // Formant 3
note 94 1 101 0 51.00 2.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -lish
ramp 1 2 53.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 53.00 0.20 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 53.00 0.20 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 53.00 0.20 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 53.00 0.20 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 53.20 0.20 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 53.20 0.20 450 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 53.20 0.20 750 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 53.20 0.20 2500 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 53.40 0.60 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 53.40 0.60 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 53.40 0.60 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 53.40 0.60 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 95 1 101 94 53.00 0.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 96 1 119 0 51.00 2.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 97 1 121 0 51.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 98 1 199 0 51.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// mar-
ramp 1 2 54.00 0.98 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 2 54.98 0.02 220 196 // A3-G3
ramp 1 1 54.00 0.20 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 54.00 0.20 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 54.00 0.20 1270 1270 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 54.00 0.20 2130 2130 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 54.20 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 54.20 0.10 450 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 54.20 0.10 1270 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 54.20 0.10 2130 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 54.30 0.60 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 54.30 0.60 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 54.30 0.60 2065 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 54.30 0.60 2570 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 54.90 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 54.90 0.10 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 54.90 0.10 2065 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 54.90 0.10 2570 1800 // Formant 3
note 99 1 101 0 54.00 1.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -riage.
ramp 1 2 55.00 4.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 55.00 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 55.00 0.10 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 55.00 0.10 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 55.00 0.10 1800 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 55.10 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 55.10 0.10 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 55.10 0.10 1516 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 55.10 0.10 1800 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 55.20 1.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 55.20 1.80 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 55.20 1.80 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 55.20 1.80 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 100 1 101 99 55.00 1.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 101 1 119 0 54.00 2.90 // RMS1
note 102 1 121 0 54.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 103 1 122 0 54.00 0.30 0 0.1 450 25 458 // Nose1
note 104 1 199 0 54.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 57.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 57.00 2.00 344 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 57.00 2.00 2170 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 57.00 2.00 2660 2500 // Formant 3
// I
ramp 1 2 59.00 1.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 59.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 59.00 0.30 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 59.00 0.30 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 59.00 0.30 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 59.30 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 59.30 0.30 800 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 59.30 0.30 1228 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 59.30 0.30 2500 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 59.60 0.40 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 59.60 0.40 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 59.60 0.40 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 59.60 0.40 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 105 1 101 0 59.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 106 1 119 0 59.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 107 1 121 0 59.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 108 1 199 0 59.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// can't
ramp 1 2 60.00 2.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 60.00 0.40 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 60.00 0.40 648 648 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 60.00 0.40 1712 1712 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 60.00 0.40 2490 2490 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 60.40 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 60.40 0.10 648 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 60.40 0.10 1712 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 60.40 0.10 2490 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 60.50 1.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 60.50 1.50 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 60.50 1.50 1340 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 60.50 1.50 2470 2470 // Formant 3
note 109 1 101 0 60.00 1.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 110 1 119 0 60.00 1.90 // RMS1
note 111 1 121 0 60.00 1.90 // Mouth1
note 112 1 122 0 60.40 1.50 0.1 0 450 25 458 // Nose1
note 113 1 199 0 60.00 1.90 // Rebalance1
// af-
ramp 1 2 62.0 0.98 196.0 196.0 // G3
ramp 1 2 62.98 0.02 196.0 164.8 // G3-E3
ramp 1 1 62.00 0.95 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 62.00 0.95 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 62.00 0.95 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 62.00 0.95 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 62.95 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 62.95 0.05 414 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 62.95 0.05 1516 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 62.95 0.05 2500 2373 // Formant 3
note 114 1 101 0 62.00 1.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -ford
ramp 1 2 63.00 2.00 164.8 164.8 // E3
ramp 1 1 63.00 0.85 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 63.00 0.85 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 63.00 0.85 915 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 63.00 0.85 2373 2373 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 63.85 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 63.85 0.15 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 63.85 0.15 915 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 63.85 0.15 2373 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 64.00 1.00 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 64.00 1.00 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 64.00 1.00 915 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 64.00 1.00 1800 1800 // Formant 3
note 115 1 101 114 63.00 1.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 116 1 119 0 62.00 2.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 117 1 121 0 62.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 118 1 199 0 62.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// a
ramp 1 2 65.00 1.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 65.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 65.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 65.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 65.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 119 1 101 0 65.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 120 1 119 0 65.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 121 1 121 0 65.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 122 1 199 0 65.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// car-
ramp 1 2 66.00 0.98 164.8 164.8 // E3
ramp 1 2 66.98 0.02 164.8 146.8 // E3-D3
ramp 1 1 66.00 0.90 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 66.00 0.90 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 66.00 0.90 2065 2065 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 66.00 0.90 2570 2570 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 66.90 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 66.90 0.10 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 66.90 0.10 2065 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 66.90 0.10 2570 1800 // Formant 3
note 123 1 101 0 66.00 1.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -riage.
ramp 1 2 67.00 4.00 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 1 67.00 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 67.00 0.10 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 67.00 0.10 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 67.00 0.10 1800 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 67.10 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 67.10 0.10 414 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 67.10 0.10 1516 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 67.10 0.10 1800 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 67.20 1.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 67.20 1.80 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 67.20 1.80 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 67.20 1.80 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 124 1 101 123 67.00 2.00 1 0 // Buzz1
note 125 1 119 0 66.00 3.00 0.1 // RMS1
note 126 1 121 0 66.00 3.00 // Mouth1
note 127 1 199 0 66.00 3.00 // Rebalance1
// (rest)
ramp 1 1 69.00 2.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 69.00 2.00 344 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 69.00 2.00 2170 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 69.00 2.00 2660 2500 // Formant 3
// But
ramp 1 2 71.00 1.00 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 1 71.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 71.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 71.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 71.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 128 1 101 0 71.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 129 1 119 0 71.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 130 1 121 0 71.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 131 1 199 0 71.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// you'll
ramp 1 2 72.00 2.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 72.00 0.05 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 72.00 0.05 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 72.00 0.05 2000 2000 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 72.00 0.05 3079 3079 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 72.05 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 72.05 0.15 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 72.05 0.15 2000 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 72.05 0.15 3079 2420 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 72.20 0.15 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 72.20 0.15 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 72.20 0.15 553 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 72.20 0.15 2420 2420 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 72.35 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 72.35 0.15 277 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 72.35 0.15 553 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 72.35 0.15 2420 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 72.50 1.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 72.50 1.50 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 72.50 1.50 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 72.50 1.50 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 132 1 101 0 72.00 1.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 133 1 119 0 72.00 1.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 134 1 121 0 72.00 1.90 // Mouth1
note 135 1 199 0 72.00 1.90 // Rebalance1
// look
ramp 1 2 74.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 74.00 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 74.00 0.10 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 74.00 0.10 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 74.00 0.10 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 74.10 0.10 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 74.10 0.10 450 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 74.10 0.10 750 635 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 74.10 0.10 2500 2413 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 74.20 0.80 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 74.20 0.80 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 74.20 0.80 635 635 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 74.20 0.80 2413 2413 // Formant 3
note 136 1 101 0 74.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 137 1 119 0 74.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 138 1 121 0 74.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 139 1 199 0 74.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// sweet
ramp 1 2 75.00 2.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 75.00 0.10 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 75.00 0.10 290 290 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 75.00 0.10 610 610 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 75.00 0.10 2150 2150 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 75.10 0.15 1900 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 75.10 0.15 290 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 75.10 0.15 610 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 75.10 0.15 2150 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 75.25 1.75 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 75.25 1.75 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 75.25 1.75 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 75.25 1.75 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 140 1 101 0 75.00 1.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 141 1 119 0 75.00 1.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 142 1 121 0 75.00 1.90 // Mouth1
note 143 1 199 0 75.00 1.90 // Rebalance1
// u-
ramp 1 2 77.00 0.98 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 2 77.98 0.02 146.8 196 // D3-G3
ramp 1 1 77.00 0.90 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 77.00 0.90 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 77.00 0.90 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 77.00 0.90 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 77.90 0.10 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 77.90 0.10 414 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 77.90 0.10 1516 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 77.90 0.10 2500 2373 // Formant 3
note 144 1 101 0 77.00 1.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -pon
ramp 1 2 78.00 2.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 78.00 0.40 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 78.00 0.40 565 565 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 78.00 0.40 915 915 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 78.00 0.40 2373 2373 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 78.40 0.10 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 78.40 0.10 565 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 78.40 0.10 915 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 78.40 0.10 2373 2470 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 78.50 1.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 78.50 1.50 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 78.50 1.50 1340 1340 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 78.50 1.50 2470 2470 // Formant 3
note 145 1 101 144 78.00 1.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 146 1 119 0 77.00 2.90 // RMS1
note 147 1 121 0 77.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 148 1 122 0 78.40 1.50 0.1 0 1200 75 33 // Nose1
note 149 1 199 0 77.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// the
ramp 1 2 80.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 80.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 80.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 80.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 80.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 150 1 101 0 80.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 151 1 119 0 80.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 152 1 121 0 80.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 153 1 199 0 80.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// seat
ramp 1 2 81.00 1.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 81.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 81.00 1.00 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 81.00 1.00 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 81.00 1.00 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 154 1 101 0 81.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 155 1 119 0 81.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 156 1 121 0 81.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 157 1 199 0 81.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// of
ramp 1 2 82.00 1.00 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 1 82.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 82.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 82.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 82.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 158 1 101 0 82.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 159 1 119 0 82.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 160 1 121 0 82.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 161 1 199 0 82.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// a
ramp 1 2 83.00 1.00 261.6 261.6 // C4
ramp 1 1 83.00 1.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 83.00 1.00 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 83.00 1.00 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 83.00 1.00 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 162 1 101 0 83.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 163 1 119 0 83.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 164 1 121 0 83.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 165 1 199 0 83.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// bi-
ramp 1 2 84.00 0.98 293.7 293.7 // D4
ramp 1 2 84.98 0.02 293.7 246.9 // D4-B3
ramp 1 1 84.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 84.00 0.30 800 800 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 84.00 0.30 1228 1228 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 84.00 0.30 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 84.30 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 84.30 0.30 800 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 84.30 0.30 1228 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 84.30 0.30 2500 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 84.60 0.40 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 84.60 0.40 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 84.60 0.40 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 84.60 0.40 2660 2660 // Formant 3
note 166 1 101 0 84.00 1.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
// -cy-
ramp 1 2 85.00 0.98 246.9 246.9 // B3
ramp 1 2 85.98 0.02 246.9 196 // B3-G3
ramp 1 1 85.00 0.95 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 85.00 0.95 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 85.00 0.95 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 85.00 0.95 2660 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 85.95 0.05 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 85.95 0.05 344 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 85.95 0.05 2170 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 85.95 0.05 2660 2500 // Formant 3
note 167 1 101 166 85.00 1.00 1 0 // Buzz1
// -cle
ramp 1 2 86.00 1.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 86.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 86.00 0.30 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 86.00 0.30 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 86.00 0.30 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 86.30 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 86.30 0.15 414 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 86.30 0.15 1516 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 86.30 0.15 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 86.45 0.55 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 86.45 0.55 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 86.45 0.55 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 86.45 0.55 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 168 1 101 167 86.00 0.90 1 0 // Buzz1
note 169 1 119 0 84.00 2.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 170 1 121 0 84.00 2.90 // Mouth1
note 171 1 199 0 84.00 2.90 // Rebalance1
// built
ramp 1 2 87.00 2.00 220 220 // A3
ramp 1 1 87.00 0.30 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 87.00 0.30 344 344 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 87.00 0.30 2170 2170 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 87.00 0.30 2660 2660 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 87.30 0.15 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 87.30 0.15 344 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 87.30 0.15 2170 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 87.30 0.15 2660 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 87.45 1.55 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 87.45 1.55 450 450 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 87.45 1.55 750 750 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 87.45 1.55 2500 2500 // Formant 3
note 172 1 101 0 87.00 1.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 173 1 119 0 87.00 1.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 174 1 121 0 87.00 1.90 // Mouth1
note 175 1 199 0 87.00 1.90 // Rebalance1
// for
ramp 1 2 89.00 1.00 146.8 146.8 // D3
ramp 1 1 89.00 0.20 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 89.00 0.20 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 89.00 0.20 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 89.00 0.20 2500 2500 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 89.20 0.30 6000 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 89.20 0.30 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 89.20 0.30 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 89.20 0.30 2500 1800 // Formant 3
ramp 1 1 89.50 0.50 1900 1900 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 89.50 0.50 414 414 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 89.50 0.50 1516 1516 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 89.50 0.50 1800 1800 // Formant 3
note 176 1 101 0 89.00 0.90 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 177 1 119 0 89.00 0.90 0.1 // RMS1
note 178 1 121 0 89.00 0.90 // Mouth1
note 179 1 199 0 89.00 0.90 // Rebalance1
// two
ramp 1 2 90.00 6.00 196 196 // G3
ramp 1 1 90.00 6.00 6000 6000 // Amplitude
ramp 1 3 90.00 6.00 277 277 // Formant 1
ramp 1 4 90.00 6.00 553 553 // Formant 2
ramp 1 5 90.00 6.00 2420 2420 // Formant 3
note 180 1 101 0 90.00 3.00 1 0.03 // Buzz1
note 181 1 119 0 90.00 3.00 0.1 // RMS1
note 182 1 121 0 90.00 3.00 // Mouth1
note 183 1 199 0 90.00 3.00 // Rebalance1
end 96.0
Listing 6: Note-list body for “Daisy Bell”, Iteration 4. Nasal sounds are highlighted in
brown
To hear a realization, click
here.
“Daisy Bell” Iteration #4
Listing 6 presents the fourth-iteration synthesis of “Daisy Bell”.
New indications for nasal sounds are color-coded in brown.
Note ID's have been resequenced since Listing 4 owing
to the need to activate Instrument #122: Nose1, the nasal extender.
These new notes are #18 (me), #27 (an-swer), #37 (I'm),
#51 (and),
#84 (won't), #103 (mar-riage), #112 (can't), and #148 (u-pon).
Each note invoking of Instrument #122: Nose1 is accompanied by new ramp statements controlling
contours #1, #3, #4, and #5.
The heart of the sound is a steady-state segment during which nasal resonances and anti-resonances speak fully.
When the nasal sound initiates a word (for example “me” at note #18), the attack duration
for Nose1 (note parameter #7) is zeroed out and the formant ramps dispense with an onglide.
Likewise when the nasal sound concludes a word (for example “I'm” at note #37), the release
duration (note parameter #8) is zeroed out and the offglide is skipped.
There are no instances in Listing 6 where a
nasal occurs in the midst of a word; however, we will get to that with words like “and” (note #51)
when plosives come into play during Iteration #6. For now you should just take
it on faith that for internal nasals both the attack and release durations for Instrument #122: Nose1 will
be around 100 msec., that the formant contours will contain both onglides and offglides, and that the onglide and offglide
durations will be consistent with these attack and release durations.
Next topic: Fricatives
| © Charles Ames |
Page created: 2014-02-20 |
Last updated: 2017-06-12 |